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Functions of Education

  Function of Education Havinghurst and Neugarten (1964) has given two important functions of education system: a)        Education should be a Mirror that reflect society as it is or to be stabilizer of Society. b)        An agent of social change and a force directed towards implementing the ideas of Society. George Payne considered three main functions of education from the point of view of educational sociology: a)        Assimilation of traditions b)        Development of New Social Patterns c)        Creative and constructive role. Emile Durkheim (1956) – Major function of Education is transmission of Society norms and values, Hence, Various sociologist have mentioned various Functions of Education. We can broadly classify the three main functions of Education as: a)        Transmission of Culture from one to next generation, b)        Train people for specialised adult role. c)        Changes the cultural heritage by developing new knowledge. 4.1.1
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Types of Socialization

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  1.       Types of Socialization Socializations can be classified into two categories: 1.        Primary Socialization 2.        Secondary Socialization 3.        Anticipatory Socialization This division is based on the primary and secondary needs of individuals. The basic physical needs such as thirst, hunger etc. are called primary needs while secondary needs are those which emerge to meet primary needs e.g., the need for learning skills to earn livelihood. 1.1.     Primary Socialization                                                        Image: Primary Socialization Primary socialization is related with the satisfaction of Basic needs (Primary needs) such as hunger, thirst etc. Family satisfies the basic needs of human beings; therefore, it is called primary institution. The parents are primary socializing agents of the child. Hence; Inculcation of norms and values within the family is called primary socialization. Primary socialization takes place in infancy a
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Meaning, Concept and Stages of Socialization.

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 1. Meaning of Socialization Socialization is a process in which a person interacts with others and shape as well as mold his/her personality according to the prescribed norms of a society. 1.1      Definitions of Socialization Followings are some important definitions of socialization by well-known sociologists.   D Macionis “The life long process by which as individual becomes the proper member of society and develops human characteristics.”   Horton and Hunt “It is a learning process in which groups interact and learn social norms also develop his/her self.”   Definition of Socialization according to Ogburn: “It is the process of learning the norms of the group and society “   MacIver: “It is the process through which social beings develops relationships and association with each other.”   Bogardus: “A process of learning to live and work together is called socialization.”   Vijay Anand “Socialization is the process of internalization of social norm
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Education As Sub-system of Society

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1.     Concept of education Etymologically, the word "Education" is derived from the Latin words "educare" and "educere". Educare refers to "to bring up' or "to nourish", whereas the word 'educere" means to "to bring forth" or "to drag out". Hence, education refers to something that brings up or out what is hidden inside of a man As Vivekananda said "education is the manifestation of divine perfection already existing in man" According to the Upanishad "education is that used in product is salvation" 2.     Education as a sub-system of society Education itself is a system as well as a subsystem of Society. 3.1 Education as a system Education is a system itself. Its units are Teachers, Universities, Collages, Boards, Educational Bodies like UGC, NTA, IGNOU, NCERT, SCERT, Education Ministry etc. each of these units have different Functions such as Education ministry and UGC
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SOCIETY AS A SYSTEM

  1.    Concept of System A system is a set of interrelated units. Units ·          Units may be People, buildings, animals, beliefs, Laws etc. ·          Each unit is related to and dependent upon other unit within the same system. ·          A change in one unit may bring change in another unit or in the whole system. ·          Each unit has function of their own which is different from other units. Despite of having different functions, every unit collectively work towards achieving a common goal of the system. Hence the functioning of the system depends on the functioning of every unit. The system function towards attainments of Certain Goal. Example of a system is Respiratory system. Units of respiratory system are lungs, Nose, Trachea, Diaphragm etc. these all perform different functions but the overall goal is to intake oxygen and deliver it to blood and remove carbon dioxide from blood. 2.   Concept of Society In abstract terms, as a network of relationship
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ERIKSON’S THEORY DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTIONAL

 ERIKSON’S THEORY OF EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Erik Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order, and builds upon each previous stage. This is called the epigenic principle. Psychological stages Erikson’s (1959) theory  of psychosocial development has  eight  distinct  stages.  Like Freud,  Erikson assumes  that  a crisis occurs at each stage  of development. For Erikson (1963), these  crises are of a psychosocial nature  because they involve psychological needs of the individual (i.e. psycho) conflicting with the needs of society (i.e. social). According to the theory, successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and the acquisition of basic virtues. Basic virtues are characteristic strengths  which the ego can use to resolve subsequent crises. Failure to successfully complete  a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete  further stages and therefore a more  unhealthy  personality  and  sense  of self.  These stages, 
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